Literature Review Template Definition: A literature review is an objective, critical summary of published research literature relevant to a topic under consideration for research. Its purpose is to create familiarity with current thinking and research on a particular topic, and may justify future research into a previously overlooked or understudied area. A typical literature review consists This literature review examines studies on the development of deception among young children, arguing that the emergence of lying and lying behaviors is normal and reflects children’s advanced cognitive development with age. Moreover, there are many different types of lies and many types of social situations and contexts that enable or inhibit children from lying or telling the truth A literature review can be challenging to write because it should not be a source-by-source summary, but instead it should synthesize or bring multiple sources together. Each paragraph within a literature review should contain at least two sources that speak to t he same sociological factor. Y our goal is to essentially highlight the relationship between sources. In other words, the goal is
Literature Review Examples - A Guide to Writing
To browse Academia. edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade sample of a literature review pdf browser. Skip to main content. edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Log In Sign Up. Download Free PDF. phd literature review sample pdf. PhD Assistance. Download PDF. Download Full PDF Package This paper. A short summary of this paper.
READ PAPER. The intention of this chapter is to formulate the problem statement precisely and develop the basis for undertaking the research. The review of previous literature is to identify and state the objective in a clear manner and postulate the premise of the study. The present chapter will be a review of the number of studies which elucidate the efficiency and productivity levels in the Indian industrial sector, and in specific the small scale industrial sector of the country.
This aids on the formulation of the suitable methodology for the present study. Global economic integration, open market policies, rapid growth of technology, the intense competition between traders and productive companies and the revolution in media created sample of a literature review pdf positive stir in the Indian economy which led to the emergence of a vast number of small scale industrial and productive units in India.
In this context, sample of a literature review pdf present study will analyse various empirical studies that have been conducted which are based on the examination of different growth and performance aspects of the Indian industrial sector, especially small scale units. The chapters are categorised into three sections.
Section I deals with the review of previous studies pertaining to the measurement of technical efficiency in the Indian manufacturing sector. Section II analyses the empirical studies relating to the performance and productivity of the Indian industrial sector.
Section III examines economic reformation in India and sustainability of Indian Small scale industries. Lastly, section IV will focus on reviewing studies that are relating to the challenges and problems faced by the Indian small scale industries. Section I Parameswaran analysed the performance of the Indian manufacturing sector in the selected industries in terms of assessing the technical efficiency against the industrial and trade liberalisation introduced in the year Time varying firm specific technical efficiency is measured using the stochastic frontier production function.
The results of the study revealed that the selected industries showed high rate of technical progress during the post reforms period which is accompanied with the decline in the level of technical efficiency.
However, the effect of economic liberalisation on the technical efficiency of the selected firms varied from one another. In addition, the study discerned that international trade involvement with respect to import and export of industrial raw materials had a positive effect on the technical efficiency.
Kumar evaluated the growth and development of the Indian industrial sector by measuring the Total factor productivity TFP for 15 major states in India for the period to The growth measured through TFP is disintegrated into efficiency and technological changes and the bias in the technical change is also measured.
The results obtained from the use of non- parametric linear programming methods are used to examine whether economic liberalisation had positive impacts on the efficiency and productivity in the Indian economy.
Post and pre reforms period analysis was conducted. The findings of the study revealed significant growth in the Indian economy after liberalisation. The growth is attributed to the changes in TFP which is governed by the progress in technical aspects. The progress in technological aspects in the productive sector of the state exhibited a capital bias during the period of study.
The differences in the region wise TFP is evident; however, the difference in the variation significantly declined in the post —reforms period, sample of a literature review pdf. In addition, it is also found that the rate of TFP growth is converging among the different states of the country during the post- reforms period and those states sample of a literature review pdf were efficient technically during the post-reforms period had significant growth.
Sivakumar and Patnaik n. estimated and analysed the efficiencies of the Indian industrial sector in terms of technical productivity within the period to The study covered three-digit industries and calculated their efficiency within the specified time period. The study is aimed to capture the technical efficiency behaviour during the pre and post economic reforms period. Time-varying stochastic frontier production function in the transcendental logarithmic form is employed in the study wherein the analysis using the selected methodology revealed that the efficiency of the selected industries in the period of to The findings of the study revealed that the effects of industry specific inefficiency hinder the growth of production in the selected industries in achieving the maximised output.
Other factors such as weather, strikes and luck are neglected in the study. The study further identifies that the technical efficiency of the selected industries is low in post —reforms period when compared with that of the pre-reforms period.
Madheswara et al. Sector level data within the Indian industrial sector was used for the analysis, sample of a literature review pdf. The study is concentrated on the trends of technical efficiency change TEC and technical progress TP. Stochastic Production Frontier analysis is employed in the study to segregate the two principal components, technical efficiency change TEC and technical progress TP.
This process of segregation is also used to recognise the growth in productivity which could be either due to improvement in efficiency or progress in technology.
The significance of utilising the frontier approach as an alternative to the traditional index number approach to measure the growth of productivity lies within the identification of unobservable and idealized production possibility frontier with production-unit specific one-sided deviation from the frontier.
Henceforth, the Stochastic Production Frontier analysis method captures the change in efficiency and the change in technologies as the constituting parts of the change in productivity which is an additional dimension for analysis of policy perspectives.
The results of the study suggest that during the periodthe total factor productivity growth in a majority of companies improved when compared with the same during the pre-reforms period, and in specific In addition, the study findings also revealed that the TFP growth is steered by progress in technology and technological change adaptation in the companies rather than change in technical efficiency. Bhaumik and Kumbhakar employed the use of plant-level data for the years between and in order to assess if the growth that occurred after resulted in the use of resources more efficiently.
This is inclusive of the assessment for factor inputs inclusive of capital. Other findings of the study included the alteration of the technical efficiency. This was evidenced with the decline in the median technical efficiency across all industries except one in the set timeline as above, however, this change in the technical efficiency offers a partial explanation as to the change in the added gross value.
The analysis of the research points to the aspects of the increase in return for the factor inputs in these two years which explains the change in gross value increase across these industries more adequately. Another study by Mazumdar et al. The study employs a non-parametric approached of Data Envelopment Analysis DEA. The analysis reveals that even though the efficiency outputs were found to be declining, the evidence also depicted that resources were sample of a literature review pdf made use of adequately in this period.
Mitra et al. The study was carried out from in the Indian manufacturing industry. In this study advanced estimation techniques are used in order to counteract the existing limitations such as non-stationary omitted variables, reverse causality and endogeneity.
This was carried out by the application of a fully modified OLS, panel co- integration and also system GMM. The findings of the study reveal that infrastructure and the IT with communicative technology are strongly associated with the technical efficiency. The implications of the findings are that the improvement in the infrastructure and the IT components of the firm can aid to the enhancement of these sectors further improving the competitive edge for India.
The findings also shed light on the current scenario of infrastructure in India. Bhandari et al. This was done to measure the technical and scale efficiency changes that occurred before and after as per the reform initiatives. It was found that the efficiency of the industries declined in the post reform period as compared to the pre reform period. These implied that the findings are rather significant for the manufacturing industries but also implies that the changes are varied across different industries.
Another study conducted by Kathuria et al. This study too employed the use of advanced estimation techniques such as non-parametric accounting, semi-parametric product function accounting for endogeneity and parametric stochastic production frontier to measure the total factor productivity TFP.
The study assessed the same for the periods of and The study findings reveal that the TFP for both the formal and informal sectors sample of a literature review pdf vastly over the timeframe.
There was a decline in the TFP in the formal sector between and In the case of the informal sector, all the three methods showed a decline in TFP for This evidences that the inconsistencies in the measure for TFP exist, especially between the formal and informal sectors of the manufacturing industry.
Baliyan et al. State-wise productivity change and efficiency are measured using the Data Envelopment Analysis DEA approach which is calculated over the period of to The period is divided into pre-liberalisation tosample of a literature review pdf, first phase of post-liberalisation to and second phase of post-liberalisation to Total Factor Productivity TFP change is calculated using the non- parametric Data Envelopment Analysis DEA approach, sample of a literature review pdf.
In addition, the paper evaluates the performance metrics of the major inputs used in the Indian industrial sector and reveals the reasons for inefficiency across the different segments. The findings of the study revealed that the productivity growth and efficiency vary across the different states in the country. Translog stochastic frontier production function is used in the present study to assess the technical progress and technical efficiency of the industries in the era of economic reformation, sample of a literature review pdf.
The findings of the study revealed that the electronic manufacturing units in India experience improvements in the technical progress during the period of to However, the mean level of technical efficiency of the firms had a declining rate during the same period. The study thereby discerns that a majority of companies failed in spite of the Information Technology Agreement ITA of World Trade Organization WTO implementation and such implementation does not sample of a literature review pdf the technical efficiency of the electronic manufacturing firms.
Section II Unel analysed the trends of productivity in the manufacturing sector of India during the period of to The findings of the study revealed that the labour and total factor productivity TFP growth in the Indian industrial sector were significantly higher till the s; however, the accelerated growth of the TFP is attributed to factor elasticities and the production function structure.
The productivity growth of the manufacturing as well as sample of a literature review pdf subsectors improved after the liberalisation. In the same context, Banga and Goldar assessed the contribution of services to the productivity and output growth of the Indian industrial sector during the pre and post reforms period. The KLEMS capital-labor-energy-materials-services production function framework is used to analyse the contribution of the services to the productivity and growth of the Indian manufacturing sector.
The utilised production framework considers services as inputs to the process of production, sample of a literature review pdf. The study used panel data of three-digit level industries during the time frame of to 18 years and the data is used to estimate the production function.
The results of the analysis revealed that the increasing use of services brought favourable effects on the productivity and output growth of the Indian manufacturing sector in the s. It is also to be noted that such favourable could even be due to the economic liberalisation that was carried out.
Literature Review with Practical Example
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Many students struggle to conduct an effective Ph.D. literature review. To write an effective PhD literature review writing, it is an essential factor to synthesize and evaluate it according to the guiding concept of your dissertation or research Sample APA Papers: Literature Review This section offers a sample literature review, written by an undergraduate psychology student at Purdue University. Since it's a real paper written by a real student, we haven't corrected the student's errors, but have instead included comments that point them out. If you have a comment you'd like to add to the paper, send us an e-mail at link@blogger.comh Sample full-fledged Literature Review for a research paper. This combines the summaries of each of the previous papers reviewed in a coherent way that relates to the topic and empirical methods at hand. PREVIOUS RESEARCH: DIVORCE, FERTILITY, AND LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION There is a substantial amount of research on the LFP decisions of women and the impacts of divorce and fertility
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